The Key Factors

·No time today to give individual case studies
-The following is based on success in the UK, Chile, the Netherlands and Australia
·The key factors, as shown by international success in developing efficient water services, are
Separation of policy, regulation and delivery
-Transparency
-Independent regulation
-An integrated planning process
-Performance measures
-Licence or contract review

Separation of Policy, Regulation and Delivery

·Government’s role is policy
·Governments generally not good at operations
·Regulation needs to be separate from policy in
-Implementation of policy
-Enforcement of regulations
-Providing independence
·Delivery requires efficient operations, overseen by independent regulator

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Transparency

·Essential to allow open discussion on policies
·Requires independent and open reporting on water service provider performance
·Consumers are the customers and need to have their input
-Through public consultation on policies
-Through receiving the facts
-Through being able to seek compensation

Transparency

·Deficiencies are less likely to occur if there is transparency with everyone knowing that failures, or misuse of funds, will be identified and reported
·Such transparency requires the use of independent regulators which can take many forms
·Independent regulators, in effect, give power back to the community, especially if there is consultation on standards and on ability and willingness to pay

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Regulatory System Requirements

·Political leadership with clarity of responsibilities
·Community consultation involving all stakeholders
·Clear objectives and specific measures to monitor progress and achievement
·Quality standards with
-controls over water abstraction
-published drinking water standards, either numerical or treatment standards
-effluent discharge controls
·Freedom to report openly and fully

Monitoring and Enforcement

·There needs to be monitoring and enforcement of
-Drinking water quality
-Other service standards
-Effluent discharges
-Completion of contracted improvement programmes
·Regulators should have enforcement powers with there being incentives and/or penalties for non-compliance
·Local Authorities cannot abdicate responsibility for the deliverables through contracting out to the private sector
-The Local Authorities remain responsible
-The PPP contracts are their means of defining and monitoring the deliverables

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